A few week’s ago I had the privilege of being invited to attend the Jinan Dialogue – South Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation Conference on 20th September 2024 as I was VIP guest for the South Africa International Industrial Expo & China (South Africa) International Trade Expo , an international exhibition covering various industrial categories which are dedicated to enterprises and institutions from all African countries. The expo focused on industrialization ,with advanced technology from exhibitors from Jiam China. A few days before that I had attended The Africa Aerospace and Defence (AAD) 2024 at Air Force Military base at Waterkloof , it is the largest gathering of industry players in aerospace and defence (manufacturers and innovators) ,high-level international delegations & Defence Chiefs of Arms .China showcased advanced military technology which  included The Xian Y-20A, China’s home-grown strategic military transport aircraft.China is making strategic move to become a world power house using  technology .

In the 21st century, technology has become the cornerstone of economic development and power. With a vast young population, China has recognized the potential of this demographic dividend and has strategically invested in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education to advance its technological capabilities. This article explores how China is leveraging its youth to enhance research-based universities in STEM fields, compares graduate output with the USA, Europe, and Africa, and analyzes how this strategy is boosting China’s global economic influence.

China’s focus on STEM education is evident in its aggressive investments in higher education and research institutions. The Chinese government has prioritized the development of research universities that specialize in technology and innovation. Initiatives such as “Project 211” and “Project 985” aim to cultivate world-class universities and research institutions. These projects have led to substantial improvements in the quality of education and research output, fostering an environment that encourages innovation.

Graduate Comparison: China vs. USA, Europe, and Africa

China produces a staggering number of STEM graduates each year. According to recent statistics, China graduates over 1 million engineers annually, significantly outpacing the United States, which produces around 120,000 engineering graduates yearly. In Europe, the numbers fluctuate by country, with Germany and the UK being among the leaders, but still fall short compared to China’s production volumes. In Africa, the challenge is more pronounced; many countries struggle with lower graduation rates in STEM fields due to resource limitations and educational infrastructure issues.

In summary, a comparison of graduates in 2020/2021 revealed:

– China: Over 1 million engineering graduates

– USA: Approximately 120,000 engineering graduates

– Europe: Varies by country but generally around 500,000 combined across top nations

– Africa: Estimated 50,000-70,000 engineering graduates across the continent

China’s investment in STEM education is not merely an internal strategy; it is also a tool for strengthening its economic power on a global scale. As the country produces a highly skilled workforce, it enhances its position in the global supply chain and drives innovation across various sectors, including artificial intelligence, telecommunications, and renewable energy.

One of the most notable examples is Huawei’s advancements in telecommunications technology. The company has emerged as a global leader in 5G technology, significantly impacting the telecom industry worldwide. Furthermore, China’s push for technological self-sufficiency, marked by initiatives like “Made in China 2025,” aims to reduce dependence on foreign technology and foster economic resilience.

 Overtaking the USA: Trade vs. Humanitarian Aid

Historically, the United States has been viewed as a global leader in humanitarian aid and soft power diplomacy. However, in recent years, the U.S. focus has shifted, and its emphasis on trade has been overshadowed by geopolitical tensions. Meanwhile, China has utilized its economic growth to expand its influence through trade partnerships and investments in developing countries, often using its vast resources to fund infrastructure projects via the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

For example, projects like the construction of railroads and ports in Africa and Southeast Asia showcase China’s commitment to enhancing economic ties through investment rather than aid. This strategy allows China to gain influence in regions where the U.S. is traditionally seen as a benefactor but has been slow to compete in terms of economic partnership.

China’s strategic emphasis on cultivating its young population into a force for technological advancement through robust STEM education highlights its shift towards economic involution. By generating a substantial number of graduates in technical fields and leveraging these talents, China is not only enhancing its competitive edge but is also reshaping the global economic landscape. As it establishes itself as a central player in technological development and global trade, the implications for traditional powers, especially the United States, cannot be overlooked. The future of international relations will likely hinge on how these nations adapt to the rapidly changing dynamics driven by education, technology, and trade.